Report on the study of groundwater resources
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Introduction to the Hydrogeological Survey Report
The Indian subcontinent’s groundwater behavior is complex due to various geological formations, tectonic framework, climatological differences, and hydrochemical conditions. A hydrogeological survey assesses a specific area’s subsurface hydrologic and geologic parameters, including water-bearing levels, rock filtration capacity, water storage and resistance ability, groundwater pressure, category, quality, and flow intensity. These surveys are conducted to understand the local geology, geomorphology, drainage network, aquifer qualities, and well yield.
Hydrogeological survey reports provide critical information for infrastructure projects, including water supply, irrigation, and construction. Corpbiz has a team of experts with extensive experience in conducting hydrogeological surveys, analyzing data, and producing comprehensive reports.
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Understanding the science of subsurface water
Hydrogeology refers to the geological study of the movement and distribution of groundwater in the soil and rock layers of the earth's crust, particularly in aquifers. The hydrogeological conditions of a region are determined by various factors that have been examined in detail. The presence of different types of deposits and formations within an area gives rise to intricate underground water systems, creating aquifers where groundwater flows and accumulates. The hydrogeological characteristics of a region, including soil properties, geological features, and geomorphological setting, greatly influence the district's water systems.
The Significance of a Hydrogeological Survey Report
In order to determine the underground water level for activities like drilling a borewell, a hydrogeological survey is conducted to assess the quantity and quality of water available at a specific location. For drinking purposes, underground water has been regarded as a superior source when compared to surface water due to several factors:
- There is a lower risk of pollution in groundwater, particularly if it is located far from areas with sanitation issues.
- Groundwater undergoes natural purification as it flows through layers of sand and stone.
- Borewells help reduce the possibility of contamination as they remain sealed.
- The temperature of groundwater is consistently desirable throughout the year.
- Water availability during summer increases as the sources of groundwater are located at a deeper level.
Groundwater provides a sustainable solution to regions facing a water crisis with limited access to pure and uncontaminated water. However, identifying the quantity and quality of available groundwater in a specific location can pose challenges. To address this, hydrogeological survey methods are used to identify groundwater sources, predict its quality and estimate its yield. Evaluating the subsurface rock layers can also provide essential information about the future utility of groundwater.
A hydrogeological survey report is therefore necessary to provide reliable recommendations for drilling boreholes and obtaining high-quality groundwater for human consumption.
Components of a Hydrogeological Survey Report
A hydrogeological assessment can be categorized as either basic or complete. A basic survey covers the following aspects:
- Identification of end-users and their groundwater requirements in terms of location and quantity.
- Evaluation of the quality of groundwater.
- Assessment of the catchment area.
- Provision of recommendations for borehole design and construction.
- Risk assessment for environmental and health issues.
- Estimation of the expected yield of groundwater from the site.
The CGWB is responsible for conducting hydrogeological mapping, utilizing groundwater exploration techniques, geophysical assessments, aquifer parameter assessments, groundwater prediction, and groundwater regime monitoring. Through its extensive research, the CGWB has compiled a vast database that includes information on water levels, water quality, underwater lithological and geophysical logs, and aquifer parameters. The analysis of this database has enabled the creation of hydrogeological maps and groundwater planning processes, which identify areas suitable for groundwater recharge, development, and preservation on an aquifer-wise basis.
Types of Reports Generated by Hydrogeological Survey
The hydrogeological survey can be conducted on a small, medium, or large scale depending on its purpose. Initial data from private and government agencies are evaluated, followed by comprehensive field research as necessary.
For regions that have not been investigated before, a small-scale hydrogeological survey (1:1,000,000-1:500,000) is conducted to gather preliminary information about the hydrogeological condition, including rock retention capacity and underground water quality. Medium-scale surveys ((1:200,000-1:100,000)) are more detailed and used to collect data for hydrogeological mapping, including mapping of water-bearing structures and a thorough study of rock retention capacity.
Large-scale hydrogeological surveys (1:50,000 and larger) are typically conducted during the engineering and operational planning stages to address specific issues. These surveys identify areas for water collection and investigate underground water reserves. Large- and medium-scale assessments may involve drilling processes, assessing the composition and quantity of underground water, and proper flow measurement. Additionally, the hydrogeological condition may be thoroughly understood through well construction and pumping tests.
The Scope of Hydrogeological Survey in India: Mapping, Assessment, and Management of Groundwater Resources
The hydrogeological survey involves the following steps:
- Conduct site visits to become familiar with the project areas and identify any potential problems arising from planned mining activities that may affect the Ground Water Scenario.
- Collect, analyze, and synthesize background information, such as geology, hydrography, and existing borehole data, to enhance the quality of the assessment and plan detailed hydrogeological reports.
- Perform hydrogeological and geophysical investigations at selected locations to determine the groundwater potential at the development site.
- Prepare hydrogeological survey reports in accordance with the guidelines of the Central Ground Water Board's rules and procedures. The report should evaluate the water quality and potential violations of national standards, assess the presence of groundwater, and evaluate the impacts of the planned activity on groundwater, water quality, and other water users.
The Structure of a Hydrogeological Survey Report
The structure and content of a hydrogeological report may vary based on the specific project requirements. However, a comprehensive report should be well-structured and contain most, if not all, of the following components:
- Page 1: Title Page
- Page 2: Signature Page
- Table of Contents, List of Tables, Figures, and Appendices
- Introduction
- Purpose and Description of Hydrogeologic Systems
- Data Collection Methods
- Groundwater Use and Development Methods and Procedures Analysis
- Hydrogeologic Evaluation
- Documentation of Numerical Models (if applicable)
- Water Quality Findings
- Recommendations (if necessary)
- Report Limitations
- Sources of Information and References
- Appendices, Tables, and Figures
Required Information and Documentation for Hydrogeological Surveys
The following information should be included in the hydrogeological survey report:
- Objectives and Scope of the Project
- Documentation of Data Collection Methods
- Site Overview, including Geologic and Hydrogeologic Setting, Surface Characteristics, and Seismic Activity
- Sources of Information and References
- Figures and Tables of Data
- Analysis of Impact on Groundwater
- Field Data Collection Procedures
- Methods and Reports for Laboratory Testing
- Hypotheses Formed
- Conclusions Drawn
- Recommendations Provided
The steps below outline the procedure for the Post-Audit Phase:
How Can EPR Certificate Online help?
After conducting a site assessment, our team assists in developing comprehensive hydrogeological survey reports for various purposes, including environmental monitoring, wellbore siting, and ongoing site investigations. These reports aid in determining the depth of the subsurface water table.
Additionally, we conduct a thorough review of previous site investigation reports and available published background hydrogeological reports, well records, and geological mapping. We also evaluate the geological and hydrogeological conditions present at the boreholes on the site.
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