Wildlife Conservation Plan
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Overview of Wildlife Conservation Plan
A Wildlife Conservation Plan (WCP/WLCP) or Wildlife Management Plan is essential for biodiversity management and wildlife protection within and near a project area. The plan aims to create a stress-free habitat for wildlife, meeting their basic needs, utilizing sustainable and scientific management. This approach safeguards natural wealth, provides protection from adverse elements, and facilitates developmental activities without harming resources. In India, various government initiatives address wildlife conservation and check human encroachment, including Project Tiger, Project Elephant, Sea Turtle Project, Project Vulture, Crocodile Conservation Project, Project Dolphin, SAWEN (South Asia Wildlife Enforcement Network), and Captive Breeding Programs.
Need of Wildlife Conservation Planning
The escalating man-animal conflict results from the fragmentation and degradation of wildlife habitats due to unchecked development activities. This not only leads to the destruction of flora and fauna but also disrupts the delicate balance of the natural ecosystem, posing a critical management issue. Particularly during project construction in ecologically sensitive zones like forests, conservation of flora and fauna in the project's buffer zone is crucial for partial compliance with Environmental Clearance from the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC).
A Wildlife Conservation Plan (WCP) becomes imperative as part of the site assessment, addressing these issues through innovative approaches to protect and manage forest ecosystems. The need for a WCP is heightened when the project area is in proximity to protected areas such as Sanctuaries, National Parks, Biosphere Reserves, Wildlife Corridors, and Tiger/Elephant Reserves (existing or proposed).
Process of Wildlife Conservation Plan
The objective of a Wildlife Conservation Plan (WLCP) is to assess the current status of flora, fauna, and significant wildlife habitats in the project area and its 10km buffer zone. The key chapters in a WLCP typically include:
Chapter 1: Introduction
Background, objective, and scope of the project
Project description, utility, and relevant Acts and Regulations
Topography, linear infrastructure, natural drainage, water bodies, wildlife movement
List of experts involved in the study.
Chapter 2: Project Impact and Conservation Plan for the Impacted Area
Study reports on project impact on soil, vegetation, water, and animals
Assessment of threats due to project implementation
Study techniques adopted
Chapter 3: Mitigation Strategies
Addressing identified impacts in the project and buffer area
Approach and methodology for studying the impact area ecology
Details of mitigation measures, including compensatory afforestation, faunal mortality mitigation, green shelterbelt, muck-dump management, noise, and vibration interventions.
Chapter 4: Assessment of Biodiversity Values and Uplifting Local Economy
Proposed management strategies within the project (core area)
Interventions to be implemented by the project proponent
Relevant provisions of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP)
Provisions for interim review and modifications.
Chapter 5: Maps and Appendices
Executive summary, maps, and appendices showing project location in relation to protected areas mentioned in the plan.
Application Process for the approval of Wildlife Conservation Plan
The project proponent is required to submit pertinent documents to the Deputy Conservator of Forest (DCF) overseeing the project area. The application should encompass:
Name of Project Proponent
Project Name, Location, Cost
Project Area and the 10 km buffer zone
Project Activities
Ecologically sensitive areas and Schedule 1 species for which the Wildlife Conservation Plan (WCP) is developed
Implementing agency for the WCP
List of Flora and Fauna authenticated by DCF
Wildlife Conservation Plan in the prescribed format authenticated by DFC
Details of flora and fauna for both core and buffer zones, authenticated by DCF, must be included based on the primary field survey, indicating the Schedule of fauna present. If any Scheduled-I fauna is identified, the preservation plan must be incorporated. Following authentication by the DCF and recommendation from the Chief Conservator of Forest (CCF), the mentioned documents, along with the comprehensive Wildlife Management Plan, are forwarded to the Chief Wildlife Warden (CWLW) office in India.
Importance of Wildlife Conservation Plan for Environmental Clearance
When initiating an industry, development, or mining project, the project proponent is obligated to seek Environmental Clearance (EC) under the Environment Protection Act, 1986, from the project authorities. According to the MoEF notification dated 14th September 2006, approval for forest diversion is required during environmental clearance for projects situated beyond a 10 km distance from Protected Areas. The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) imposes conditions for the preparation and implementation of a Site-Specific Wildlife Conservation Plan by project authorities in consultation with the State Forest and Wildlife Department.
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